ENDOSCOPY

TIPES OF ENDOSCOPIES

Rhinoscopy not only allows us to see the different nasal horns but will also allow us to take samples for biopsy, culture and antibiogram and also to perform washes if necessary.

RHINOSCOPY

When is it indicated?

· Chronic nasal discharge (either unilateral or bilateral).
· Chronic sneezing
· Acute sneezing (if foreign body is suspected)
· Deformation of the nasal plane
· Epistaxis (unilateral or bilateral)
· Pain or increased nasal tenderness
· Nasal stridor
· Ulceration of the truffle
· Accentuated reverse sneezing.
· In case of suspicion of: bacterial, fungal, parasitic rhinitis, nasal polyps, neoplasms, etc.

VIDEO-OTOSCOPY

When is it indicated?

· Chronic recurrent otitis externa
· Otitis media
· Impossibility to assess the eardrum in the consultation
· Foreign bodies / masses.
· Presence of Horner syndrome / suspected polyps in cats.
· Need to do washing under general anesthesia due to an ear with a lot of secretion before being able to start the topical treatment and take the opportunity to do video-otoscopy to assess eardrum.

Main advantages over otoscopy

· Greater magnifying power of structures
· Greater brightness of the work field
· Possibility of using forceps and catheters through the working channel
· Possibility to record the scan in a suppository

LARYNGOSCOPY

 

When is it indicated?

· Upper airway stridor
· Exercise intolerance
· Respiratory distress
· Increased inspiratory effort / prolonged inspiration time
· Changes in vocalization / barking
Cough during ingestion

URETROSCOPY

 

When is it indicated?

· We can only do it in females
· Polaquiúria
· Recurrent and chronic urinary tract infections
· Persistent hematuria
· Dysuria / Strangeness

    Video endoscopy allows us to visualize the state of the esophageal, gastric and early duodenal mucosa. However in small animals and some cats the duodenum may not be visible due to the size of the video endoscopy. Apart from seeing the structures, it will allow us to take samples by biopsy and to be able to reach a better diagnosis or the extraction of foreign bodies without the need to perform invasive surgeries.

    GASTRODUODENOSCOPY

     

    When is it indicated? In front of patients who present:

    · Nausea
    · Ptialism
    · Vomiting
    · Hematemesis
    · Diarrhea / Melena
    · Inappetence-anorexia
    · Weight loss
    · Abdominal pain

    It is recommended to have a previous diagnostic protocol before considering a gastroduodenoscopy:

    · Hemogram / biochemistry
    Coprological
    · Abdominal radiographic study / abdominal ultrasound
    · Folate / Cobalamin
    · cPLI-fPLI
    · Empirical gastrointestinal management / Dietary modification

    COLONOSCOPY

    When is it indicated?

    · Vomiting
    · Diarrhea / Melena / hematoquecia
    · Tenesmus / flatulence
    · Loss of appetite / anorexia
    · Weight loss
    · Abdominal pain

    It is recommended to have a previous diagnostic protocol before considering a gastroduodenoscopy:

    · Hemogram / biochemistry

    · Coprological
    · Abdominal radiographic study / abdominal ultrasound
    · Folate / Cobalamin
    · cPLI-fPLI
    · Empirical gastrointestinal management / Dietary modification

    NASOPHARYNGOSCOPY

     

    Nasopharyngoscopy is part of the rhinoscopy exam.

    When is it indicated?

    · Reverse sneezing
    · Inspiratory nasal wheezing
    · Nasal inspiratory stridor
    · Dysphagia